Bus and Coach Transport to Auckland Zoo
Planning a school trip, family outing, community visit or private group day at Auckland Zoo?
Kiwi Coaches provides dedicated bus and coach transport to Auckland Zoo for schools, early childhood centres, international students, holiday programmes, tour groups, retirement villages, community organisations, corporate groups and private visitors.
Located at 99 Motions Road in Western Springs, Auckland Zoo is one of the city’s leading wildlife and conservation attractions. It offers animal habitats, conservation learning, keeper talks, educational sessions and experiences for visitors of different ages and abilities.
Kiwi Coaches can collect your group from:
A school or early learning centre
An Auckland hotel
Auckland Airport
A workplace
A retirement village
A cruise-terminal meeting point
A community facility
One central pickup point
Several locations across Auckland
Your transport can include:
One-way or return travel
A dedicated vehicle for your group
School and EOTC transport
Multiple pickup locations
Driver waiting or scheduled collection
Transport to another Auckland attraction
Small-group minibuses
Premium coaches
Large-capacity buses
Accessible vehicle options
Coordinated movements for several classes
Group signage and vehicle allocation
Tell us where your group is travelling from, the number of passengers and when you need to arrive. Kiwi Coaches will recommend an appropriate vehicle and transport plan.
Request an Auckland Zoo transport quote:
Email info@kiwicoaches.co.nz or use the Kiwi Coaches instant bus quote service.
Quick answer: how can a group get to Auckland Zoo?
The simplest way to transport a large group to Auckland Zoo is to book a private bus or coach.
Kiwi Coaches can collect everyone from an agreed location, transport the group directly to Western Springs and return at a confirmed time after the visit.
Private transport helps schools and group organisers avoid:
Coordinating multiple private vehicles
Asking families to arrange separate transport
Splitting students across public services
Uncertain group arrival times
Difficult student headcounts
Individual parking arrangements
Moving children between public bus stops and the entrance
Organising a separate return journey
Carrying bags and equipment across several vehicles
The service can be planned around a school education session, self-guided visit, private group booking or full-day Auckland itinerary.
Where is Auckland Zoo?
Auckland Zoo is located at:
99 Motions Road
Western Springs
Auckland
The zoo is beside Western Springs and close to MOTAT, with access from the Motions Road area. Auckland Zoo advises visitors to plan their journey in advance, particularly on weekends, public holidays and during school holidays.
For group transport, Kiwi Coaches plans around:
Pickup location
Time of day
School and commuter traffic
Motorway conditions
Vehicle size
Zoo entry time
Education-session start time
Passenger unloading
Accessibility requirements
The group’s intended departure time
The exact coach approach, unloading position and return collection arrangement will be confirmed for each booking.
School bus transport to Auckland Zoo
Auckland Zoo is a popular destination for learning outside the classroom.
Its education offering includes sessions for early childhood, primary, intermediate, secondary and tertiary learners. The programmes connect wildlife, people, conservation and the environment with curriculum-based learning.
Kiwi Coaches provides school transport for:
Early childhood centres
Primary schools
Intermediate schools
Secondary schools
Special education groups
Tertiary institutions
International schools
Homeschool networks
School holiday programmes
Youth organisations
Transport can be organised for one class, an entire year group or a whole-school movement requiring several vehicles.
Benefits of a dedicated school bus
A dedicated Kiwi Coaches service can provide:
Direct transport from school to the zoo
A confirmed departure and return timetable
Easier student supervision
Clear headcount points
One transport contact for the school
Space for lunches and school bags
Live vehicle tracking
Drivers experienced in group movements
Vehicles matched to the passenger numbers
The option to visit a second attraction
Coordinated transport for multiple classes
Operational backup if circumstances change
Instead of relying on parents to deliver children independently, the class travels together under the school’s supervision.
Auckland Zoo education-visit transport
Schools can arrange either a guided education experience or a self-directed zoo visit. Auckland Zoo advises that education bookings are essential, with programme options available for different year levels and topics.
Educational themes may include:
Animal adaptations
Conservation
Endangered species
Native wildlife
Sustainability
Animal care
Habitats and ecosystems
Human impacts on wildlife
Evolution
Careers in conservation science
Many school groups plan a substantial part of the day at the zoo. One official education example notes that schools commonly arrive near opening and depart during the afternoon, although every school should confirm its own programme and entry arrangements directly with Auckland Zoo.
Kiwi Coaches can structure the transport around:
Zoo opening time
Education-session time
Student assembly
Entry processing
Lunch arrangements
Teacher supervision
Return-to-school requirements
Afternoon traffic
Additional stops
Information schools should provide
To prepare an accurate quote, please tell us:
School name
Pickup address
Proposed date
Number of students
Number of teachers and helpers
Student year levels
Required zoo arrival time
Education-session time
Expected departure time
Accessibility requirements
Additional destinations
Vehicle or seatbelt requirements
Group-leader contact details
We recommend allowing enough time for boarding, travel, unloading, headcounts and walking from the vehicle to the entrance.
EOTC transport to Auckland Zoo
Transport should form part of the school’s wider Education Outside the Classroom planning.
Kiwi Coaches can help schools establish a straightforward transport plan covering:
Vehicle capacity
Student and adult numbers
Departure procedures
Passenger lists
Teacher contact details
Travel timing
Safe unloading
Group assembly
Return collection
Accessibility
Changes during the day
Operational support
Auckland Zoo provides education FAQs and risk-management information for schools planning a visit. Schools should obtain the latest venue documentation directly from the zoo while arranging transport separately with Kiwi Coaches.
Where required, Kiwi Coaches can provide relevant company, driver and vehicle information to support the school’s planning and approval processes.
Early childhood transport to Auckland Zoo
A zoo visit can be a memorable experience for young children, but transporting an early childhood group requires careful preparation.
Organisers should consider:
Children’s ages
Required adult-to-child ratios
Child-restraint requirements
Boarding time
Strollers and pushchairs
Lunches and bags
Toilet stops
Safe passenger unloading
Group assembly at the entrance
The length of the visit
Rest periods
Return travel time
Please advise Kiwi Coaches of the children’s ages when requesting a quote.
We can then discuss an appropriate vehicle and whether any additional requirements apply to the movement.
Primary and intermediate school transport
Auckland Zoo offers education experiences for primary and intermediate learners, including curriculum-linked topics and opportunities to observe animals, habitats and conservation work. Bookings are required for formal education visits.
Kiwi Coaches can transport:
Individual classes
Syndicates
Year groups
Environmental clubs
Student leadership groups
School holiday programmes
Parent and teacher helpers
Where several buses are required, vehicles can be clearly allocated by class or group.
Teachers should ensure each bus has:
A named staff member
An accurate passenger list
A group-leader phone number
Clear student expectations
A planned headcount process
The correct return departure time
Secondary and tertiary transport
Auckland Zoo also provides learning experiences for secondary and tertiary students, including advanced conservation, science and environmental topics.
Transport can be arranged for:
Biology classes
Environmental science groups
Geography students
Sustainability programmes
Veterinary and animal-care students
Tourism students
Teacher professional development
International education groups
Conservation clubs
Tertiary field visits
A private coach can simplify attendance and allow the institution to build the zoo into a wider Auckland study programme.
International student group transport
Auckland Zoo can form part of an educational, cultural or sightseeing itinerary for international students.
Kiwi Coaches can collect groups from:
Language schools
Secondary schools
Universities
Student accommodation
Central Auckland hotels
Homestay meeting points
Auckland Airport
Conference facilities
Possible itineraries include:
Wildlife and conservation day
School or hotel
→ Auckland Zoo
→ Western Springs
→ Return
Auckland science and technology day
School or hotel
→ Auckland Zoo
→ MOTAT
→ Return
Wildlife and natural-history programme
School or hotel
→ Auckland Zoo
→ Auckland Museum
→ Return
Auckland visitor highlights
Hotel
→ Auckland Zoo
→ Sky Tower
→ Mission Bay or waterfront
→ Hotel
The final programme should account for travel times, attraction bookings, walking time and the amount of time required at each destination.
Holiday programme transport
Kiwi Coaches provides private transport for school holiday and youth programmes visiting Auckland Zoo.
Services can include:
Return travel from the programme centre
Several local pickup points
Dedicated vehicles
Transport for staff and children
Space for bags and lunches
Scheduled afternoon collection
Multiple buses for larger programmes
Transport to a second activity
Direct communication with the coordinator
Auckland Zoo offers changing school-holiday activities and special events throughout the year. Programme details should be checked directly before transport is confirmed.
School holidays can also be a particularly busy time for the zoo and surrounding roads, so early transport planning is recommended.
Community and social-group transport
Auckland Zoo is suitable for much more than school excursions.
Kiwi Coaches can transport:
Retirement villages
Probus clubs
Church groups
Cultural organisations
Community associations
Family groups
Social clubs
Photography clubs
Conservation groups
Disability-support organisations
Charity groups
Private transport allows members to travel together without expecting every passenger to drive, find parking or navigate public transport independently.
Transport can be organised as:
A single return service
A multi-suburb pickup route
A central meeting-point departure
A hotel transfer
A driver-waiting service
A zoo and lunch outing
A zoo and second-attraction itinerary
Senior-group transport to Auckland Zoo
For senior groups, the transport should be planned around comfort, walking requirements and passenger mobility.
When requesting a quote, please advise:
Whether passengers use walking aids
Whether wheelchairs or mobility scooters are being carried
Whether passengers can climb coach steps
Whether a low-floor vehicle is preferred
Whether additional boarding time is required
Whether the group needs a particularly close drop-off point
Whether support people are travelling
The expected length of the visit
Auckland Zoo states that more than 95% of its visitor area is accessible by wheelchair, pram and mobility scooter. It also provides accessibility information and a map identifying less-accessible areas.
The transport vehicle and attraction have separate accessibility considerations, so both should be discussed before the booking is finalised.
Accessible transport to Auckland Zoo
Kiwi Coaches has access to low-floor and accessible vehicle options for suitable bookings.
Please tell us:
Whether a passenger uses a wheelchair
Whether the passenger can transfer into a standard seat
The number of wheelchairs
The type and dimensions of mobility devices
Whether a ramp or lift is needed
Whether support people are travelling
Whether additional boarding time is required
Whether passengers have sensory or communication needs
Auckland Zoo provides accessible parking near its main entrance for vehicles displaying a current mobility permit. Its official visitor information also recommends planning ahead during busy periods.
A private group vehicle can help reduce the distance passengers need to travel from a general public-transport stop, although the exact unloading location will depend on current operating conditions and vehicle size.
Family and private-group transport
Larger families and private groups may prefer to travel in one vehicle rather than organising several cars.
Kiwi Coaches can assist with:
Family reunions
Birthday outings
Multi-generational groups
Private clubs
Visiting friends and relatives
Tourism groups
Special celebrations
Groups staying in holiday accommodation
A private minibus or coach can collect the group from a home, hotel or central meeting point and return after the visit.
This is particularly useful when:
The group is too large for one car
Several children are travelling
Some guests are visiting Auckland
Passengers have different mobility needs
The day includes more than one destination
The group wants to avoid parking arrangements
Everyone needs to arrive together
Corporate group and staff transport
Auckland Zoo can be included in corporate family days, staff activities, conservation programmes, client events and incentive itineraries.
Kiwi Coaches can provide:
Workplace pickups
Hotel-to-zoo transfers
Staff shuttles
Family-day transport
Conference activity transfers
Executive minibuses
Large-group coaches
Multiple return routes
Transport to an evening function afterwards
For large corporate movements, we can help plan:
Passenger allocations
Several departure points
Vehicle identification
Staggered arrivals
Group-leader contacts
Return departure windows
Suburban drop-off routes
Additional luggage or equipment
Auckland Airport to Auckland Zoo transfers
Kiwi Coaches provides private group transport between Auckland Airport and Auckland Zoo.
This may suit:
International student groups
Tour groups
Families
Conference delegates
School exchanges
Visiting conservation organisations
Groups with time before hotel check-in
Groups travelling onward after the zoo
When requesting an airport transfer, provide:
Flight number
Domestic or international terminal
Scheduled arrival time
Number of passengers
Approximate luggage quantity
Zoo entry or education-session time
Additional destinations
Mobility requirements
Group-leader contact information
International arrivals should allow sufficient time for immigration, luggage collection, biosecurity and passenger assembly.
A fixed zoo programme immediately after an international arrival should only be booked when the itinerary has sufficient flexibility for potential delays.
Hotel transport to Auckland Zoo
Private transfers are available from hotels throughout Auckland.
Common pickup areas include:
Auckland CBD
Viaduct Harbour
Wynyard Quarter
Parnell
Newmarket
Ponsonby
Takapuna
Ellerslie
Auckland Airport
West Auckland
South Auckland
North Shore
Hotel transport can be provided as:
A direct return service
One-way transfer
Multi-hotel collection
Private sightseeing itinerary
Conference excursion
Family-group outing
Zoo and restaurant transfer
Where several hotels are involved, Kiwi Coaches can create a pickup circuit or allocate separate vehicles to different accommodation areas.
Cruise-group transport to Auckland Zoo
Auckland Zoo can be incorporated into a private shore itinerary for cruise passengers visiting Auckland.
Kiwi Coaches can collect groups from an agreed cruise-terminal meeting point and provide a planned return to the ship.
Example itinerary:
Cruise terminal
→ Auckland Zoo
→ Auckland city sightseeing
→ Cruise terminal
A longer option might include:
Cruise terminal
→ Auckland Zoo
→ MOTAT
→ Sky Tower or waterfront
→ Cruise terminal
Cruise itineraries must account for:
Ship arrival time
Passenger clearance
Walking and meeting time
Auckland traffic
Zoo visit duration
Additional attractions
All-aboard time
A suitable return margin
The group remains responsible for checking the ship’s official schedule and any operational changes announced during the visit.
Bus and coach access at Auckland Zoo
Auckland Zoo is in a popular Western Springs precinct shared with MOTAT, park visitors, local traffic and public parking.
Auckland Zoo has two main public car parks and also identifies on-street parking along Motions Road and Old Mill Road. Public parking arrangements and charges can change, and standard car parks should not automatically be assumed suitable for a large bus or coach.
Kiwi Coaches will establish a practical operating plan for each group.
Depending on the booking, the driver may:
Approach the agreed unloading area.
Allow passengers to disembark under the supervision of teachers or group leaders.
Relocate the vehicle if it cannot remain near the entrance.
Return before the scheduled departure time.
Contact the group leader if local conditions require a change.
The precise plan may be affected by:
Vehicle size
Traffic
Public parking demand
School holidays
Special events
Roadworks
Other buses
Passenger accessibility
The length of the visit
The group leader should keep their phone switched on and ensure passengers know the agreed collection point.
Can the bus remain at Auckland Zoo?
A vehicle can often remain assigned to the group during the visit, but it may need to relocate after unloading.
Whether the bus waits nearby depends on:
Vehicle size
Visit duration
Driver-hours requirements
Parking availability
Other scheduled work
Time of day
Events in the Western Springs area
The group’s next destination
For shorter visits, the driver may unload, move to a suitable waiting location and return before the group exits.
For longer visits, a separate drop-off and return collection may sometimes be a more efficient option.
Kiwi Coaches will recommend the most practical arrangement when preparing the quote.
When should a group arrive?
The ideal arrival time depends on the booking.
Schools attending an education session should allow time for:
Traffic delays
Passenger unloading
Student headcounts
Walking to the entrance
Admission processing
Toilets
Group instructions
Auckland Zoo advises advance planning and recommends advance booking during busier visitor periods.
For a scheduled learning session, arriving slightly early is generally more manageable than arriving at the exact programme start time.
Kiwi Coaches will plan the departure using the group’s required arrival time rather than relying only on ideal travel conditions.
How long should we spend at Auckland Zoo?
The appropriate visit length depends on:
Group age
Education programme
Walking pace
Number of habitats being visited
Lunch plans
Accessibility needs
Weather
Additional attractions
The school or organisation’s timetable
Many groups plan several hours at the zoo rather than treating it as a brief stop.
Schools should build adequate time into the itinerary for learning, walking, food breaks, headcounts and returning to the vehicle.
Where the zoo is combined with MOTAT or another destination, organisers should avoid making the programme so crowded that students spend most of the day boarding and leaving vehicles.
Wet-weather transport planning
Auckland Zoo is primarily an outdoor attraction, although some visitor areas provide shelter.
Group organisers should:
Check the weather forecast
Ask passengers to bring suitable clothing
Allow time for slower movement in wet conditions
Keep spare clothing or equipment organised
Establish where the group will assemble
Confirm whether the visit will continue in poor weather
Have a contact process for changes
Kiwi Coaches can alter transport timings when operationally possible, but significant last-minute changes may depend on driver and vehicle availability.
Schools and groups should confirm the zoo’s current cancellation or amendment conditions directly.
Vehicles available for Auckland Zoo transport
Minibuses
Suitable for:
Small families
Private tour groups
Community organisations
Airport transfers
Executive groups
Small education groups
Mid-size buses and coaches
Suitable for:
Individual school classes
Holiday programmes
Youth organisations
International student groups
Retirement-village outings
Premium 37-seat coaches
Suitable for:
Corporate groups
International tours
Conference delegates
Longer-distance school travel
Groups wanting additional comfort
Large 49–53-seat vehicles
Suitable for:
Large school groups
Full classes with adult helpers
Community organisations
Staff events
Tour groups
High-capacity movements
Multiple vehicles
Suitable for:
Whole-year school trips
Several school campuses
Large holiday programmes
Major corporate events
Groups with separate pickup routes
Vehicle features and availability vary. Please identify any essential requirements when requesting a quote.
Combine Auckland Zoo with other attractions
A private bus or coach makes it easier to include another Auckland destination in the same day.
Auckland Zoo and MOTAT
MOTAT is close to the zoo and can create a strong wildlife, science, technology and transport itinerary.
This is one of the most practical combinations for schools, provided enough time is allowed for both attractions.
Auckland Zoo and Western Springs
A supervised visit to the wider Western Springs area may provide space for lunch, environmental observation or a break between activities.
Auckland Zoo and Auckland Museum
Combine wildlife and conservation learning with natural history, Māori and Pacific collections.
Auckland Zoo and Te Whatu Stardome
A broad science-themed programme can include animals, habitats, Earth and space.
Auckland Zoo and the Sky Tower
This combination gives international groups a wildlife experience followed by views across Auckland.
Auckland Zoo and SEA LIFE Kelly Tarlton’s
A land-and-ocean wildlife programme can suit schools, families and international students.
The journey between the attractions should be allowed for when setting admission times.
Auckland Zoo and the Maritime Museum
Combine wildlife conservation with Auckland’s harbour and maritime story.
Auckland Zoo and Mission Bay
A waterfront stop may provide an additional sightseeing or meal break after the zoo.
Auckland Zoo and a city sightseeing programme
Kiwi Coaches can continue through locations such as:
Ponsonby
Auckland Domain
Parnell
Mission Bay
Wynyard Quarter
Viaduct Harbour
SkyCity
Harbour Bridge viewpoints
Attraction admission should be arranged separately unless specifically included in a written Kiwi Coaches proposal.
Auckland insider tip: see more than the main attractions
Visitors who want to understand how Auckland’s landmarks, waterfront and neighbourhoods connect can also consider the Vintage Views Double Decker Discovery tour.
The approximately 90-minute sightseeing experience operates aboard a genuine 1960s London Routemaster. Passengers hear Auckland’s story while travelling through areas including Mission Bay, Parnell, Karangahape Road and Ponsonby, with a journey across the Auckland Harbour Bridge.
It can be a memorable addition for international visitors or private groups who want to see more of the city before or after their Auckland Zoo visit.
The Double Decker Discovery tour is operated separately by Vintage Views. Scheduled departures and private group availability should be confirmed directly with Vintage Views.
https://www.vintageviews.co.nz/private-vintage-bus-hire-auckland
Why book private transport to Auckland Zoo?
Keep the group together
Students, teachers, families and support people leave from one location and travel as one group.
Simplify supervision
Teachers and leaders can complete headcounts at clearly defined stages of the journey.
Travel to your own timetable
The transport can be planned around an education session, group entry or other bookings.
Avoid organising multiple cars
Families and staff do not all need to drive separately or locate individual parking.
Carry bags and equipment
Lunches, jackets and group equipment can remain organised within the vehicle’s available storage areas.
Visit another attraction
The same transport can include MOTAT, Auckland Museum, Sky Tower or another destination.
Arrange return travel in advance
The group knows how and when it will leave before the visit begins.
Choose a suitable vehicle
Kiwi Coaches can match the vehicle to passenger numbers, accessibility needs and the wider itinerary.
Why choose Kiwi Coaches?
Kiwi Coaches is a New Zealand-owned bus and coach operator with more than 30 years of experience moving school, tourism, corporate and community groups.
Our operation is supported by:
Professional drivers
Auckland-based operations staff
Live vehicle tracking
An in-house workshop
Regular fleet inspections and maintenance
Extensive school transport experience
Police-vetted staff where required
Accessible vehicle options
Minibuses, buses and premium coaches
Backup fleet capability
Single-vehicle and multi-coach coordination
Experience planning Auckland group movements
Reliable group transport involves more than assigning a bus.
It requires:
The right vehicle
Realistic journey times
Clear communication
Safe passenger loading
Accurate passenger numbers
An agreed collection plan
Operational support if circumstances change
Kiwi Coaches brings these elements together into one planned service.
Frequently asked questions
Does Kiwi Coaches provide buses to Auckland Zoo?
Yes. Kiwi Coaches provides private bus and coach transport to Auckland Zoo for schools, early childhood centres, holiday programmes, tour groups, community organisations, corporate groups and families.
Where is Auckland Zoo?
Auckland Zoo is located at 99 Motions Road in Western Springs, Auckland.
Can you collect our students directly from school?
Yes. We can collect students, teachers and parent helpers from the school and return the group after the visit.
Can Kiwi Coaches transport an entire year group?
Yes. We can provide several vehicles and coordinate class allocations, arrival times and return departures.
Can the bus wait while we visit the zoo?
Often, yes, although the bus may need to relocate after unloading.
The arrangement depends on vehicle size, visit duration, parking conditions and driver requirements.
Does Auckland Zoo offer school education programmes?
Yes. Auckland Zoo offers education sessions for early childhood, primary, intermediate, secondary and tertiary groups. Bookings are required for formal education visits.
Can we combine Auckland Zoo and MOTAT?
Yes. The two attractions are close together and can form a practical full-day school or group itinerary.
The timetable should still allow enough time for entry, walking, lunch and movement between the venues.
Is accessible transport available?
Yes. Accessible and low-floor vehicle options are available for suitable bookings.
Please provide detailed mobility information before confirming transport.
Is Auckland Zoo wheelchair accessible?
Auckland Zoo states that more than 95% of its visitor area is accessible by wheelchair, pram and mobility scooter. Some areas may be less accessible, and the latest information should be confirmed directly with the zoo.
Can you collect our group from Auckland Airport?
Yes. Kiwi Coaches provides private airport transfers to Auckland Zoo and other Auckland attractions.
Can you collect passengers from several hotels?
Yes. We can create a multi-hotel pickup route or provide several vehicles for larger movements.
Can you transport early childhood groups?
Yes, subject to suitable vehicle availability and any applicable child-restraint requirements.
Please provide the children’s ages when enquiring.
Can you transport a retirement-village group?
Yes. We regularly provide transport for senior, social and community outings.
Please advise us of walking aids, wheelchairs or passengers who require extra boarding time.
How much does a bus to Auckland Zoo cost?
The cost depends on:
Pickup location
Number of passengers
Vehicle type
Date
Departure time
One-way or return service
Visit duration
Driver waiting
Additional destinations
Accessibility requirements
Contact Kiwi Coaches with your proposed itinerary for a tailored quote.
How early should we book?
Early booking is recommended, particularly during:
School terms
School holidays
Weekends
Public holidays
Summer tourism periods
Major Auckland events
High-demand charter dates
Last-minute transport may still be available, subject to vehicles and drivers.
Does Kiwi Coaches arrange Auckland Zoo tickets?
Transport and zoo admission are generally arranged separately unless a written proposal specifically includes both.
Groups should confirm tickets, education sessions, entry conditions and accessibility directly with Auckland Zoo.
Is Kiwi Coaches affiliated with Auckland Zoo?
Kiwi Coaches is an independent Auckland transport provider.
We do not claim an official partnership, sponsorship or endorsement unless it has been expressly confirmed in writing.
Request an Auckland Zoo transport quote
To receive a quote, please provide:
Proposed travel date
Pickup address
Number of passengers
Passenger ages
Required arrival time
Zoo booking or education-session time
Expected departure time
Preferred return time
Additional destinations
Luggage or equipment
Accessibility requirements
Group-leader contact details
Kiwi Coaches will recommend a suitable vehicle and practical transport plan.
Email: info@kiwicoaches.co.nz
Let Kiwi Coaches take care of the journey while your group discovers wildlife and conservation at Auckland Zoo.